Changing demographics, rising chronic disease, and workforce shortages are reshaping health and care needs across Europe. This policy brief examines seven innovative models of care — from population health management and disease management to hospital-at-home and case management — and assesses their implications for the health and care workforce. It shows how skill-mix changes, interprofessional collaboration, and task shifting are essential to make new care delivery models work. The brief outlines directions for modernizing HCWF planning, forecasting, and training to meet tomorrow’s challenges, offering evidence-based guidance for policymakers, educators, and workforce planners.