Türkiye

Since a comprehensive restructuring of its public administration in 2019, the Health and Food Policies Council, under the President, sets policy while the Ministry of Health and provincial directorates implement a wide range of health policies, including workforce planning and the regulation of medicines and medical devices.  The Ministry of Health also oversees most secondary and tertiary care and owns over half of hospitals.

The SSI collects and pools social security premiums, contracts with providers and sets tariffs for health services. Social insurance premiums are financed through a combination of employer and employee contributions, with those on low incomes exempt. Since 2010, public sources have accounted for around 78% of current health expenditure. Private expenditure is made up of out-of-pocket payments, which have fallen significantly since 2000 (equaling 17% of health spending in 2019) and private (complementary) health insurance, which a growing number of people are purchasing to cover the cost of treatment in private hospitals. Cost-payments are required for prescription medicines and outpatient visits.

Most healthcare is delivered by the public system. Private providers operate within the health system under contract with the SSI or deliver services directly to patients who pay privately.