TAPIC

• Transparency means that institutions inform the public and other actors of both upcoming decisions and decisions that have been made, and of the process by which, and grounds on which, decisions are being made;
• Accountability means that an actor must give an account of its actions, with consequences if the action and explanation are inadequate;
• Participation means that affected parties have an opportunity to provide input to relevant deliberations without fear of retribution;
• Integrity means that the processes of representation, decision-making, employment and enforcement should be clearly specified. Individuals and organizations should have a clear allocation of roles and responsibilities;
• Policy Capacity refers to the ability to develop policy that is aligned with resources in pursuit of goals.

TAPIC allows for a rigorous and context-sensitive analysis to be conducted of particular systems and policies, which is necessary to identify and remedy governance failings and misalignments and make future policy problems less likely. Each of these domains can be strengthened to improve the alignment between decision-makers and implementers, using a number of mechanisms.