Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is a paramount concern for policy-makers across the European Union (EU). UHC encompasses three dimensions: population coverage, service coverage and cost coverage. It aims to ensure that everyone has access to quality health care without facing financial hardship. However, a formal entitlement to coverage does not always guarantee real access to health care services for all population groups, as services may not be available due to a variety of reasons such as waiting times, long distance or care denial. Although European countries have made progress toward achieving UHC, there is still a need to better understand and address the existing gaps in coverage and access.