Health Systems in Transition (HiT) profile

1. 1. Introduction

   Updated: 20 November 2019

   1. 1.0. Introduction
   2. 1.1. Geography and sociodemography
   3. 1.2. Economic context
   4. 1.3. Political context
   5. 1.4. Health status

      Updated: 20 November 2019

2. 2. Organization and governance

   Updated: 23 January 2026

   1. 2.0. Introduction
   2. 2.1. Overview of the health system
   3. 2.2. Historical background
   4. 2.3. Organization

      Updated: 04 May 2017

   5. 2.4. Decentralization and centralization

      Updated: 09 December 2020

   6. 2.5. Planning

      Updated: 21 January 1999

   7. 2.6. Intersectorality

      Updated: 23 January 2026

   8. 2.7. Health information management

      Updated: 15 January 2026

   9. 2.8. Regulation

      Updated: 16 March 2020

   10. 2.9. Patient empowerment

       Updated: 26 September 2019

3. 3. Financing

   Updated: 22 January 2026

   1. 3.0. Introduction
   2. 3.1. Health expenditure

      Updated: 23 January 2025

   3. 3.2. Sources of revenue and financial flows

      Updated: 22 January 2026

   4. 3.3. Overview of the statutory financing system

      Updated: 20 November 2019

   5. 3.4. Out of pocket payments

      Updated: 23 August 2017

   6. 3.5. Voluntary health insurance
   7. 3.6. Other financing

      Updated: 14 April 2020

   8. 3.7. Payment mechanisms

      Updated: 27 December 2020

4. 4. Physical and human resources

   Updated: 23 January 2025

   1. 4.0. Introduction
   2. 4.1. Physical resources

      Updated: 24 October 2018

   3. 4.2. Human resources

      Updated: 23 January 2025

5. 5. Provision of services

   Updated: 19 January 2026

   1. 5.0. Introduction
   2. 5.1. Public health

      Updated: 23 January 2025

   3. 5.2. Patient pathways
   4. 5.3. Primary / ambulatory care

      Updated: 19 January 2026

   5. 5.4. Specialized ambulatory care / inpatient care

      Updated: 22 January 2024

   6. 5.5. Emergency care

      Updated: 23 January 2025

   7. 5.6. Pharmaceutical care

      Updated: 17 February 2016

   8. 5.7. Rehabilitation / intermediate care
   9. 5.8. Long term care

      Updated: 26 July 2023

   10. 5.9. Services for informal carers
   11. 5.10. Palliative care
   12. 5.11. Mental health care

       Updated: 17 July 2025

   13. 5.12. Dental care
   14. 5.13. Complementary and alternative medicine
   15. 5.14. Health services for specific populations
6. 6. Principal health reforms

   Updated: 23 January 2025

   1. 6.0. Introduction
   2. 6.1. Analysis of recent reforms

      Updated: 19 June 2018

   3. 6.2. Future developments

      Updated: 23 January 2025

7. 7. Assessment of the health system

   Updated: 15 January 2026

   1. 7.0. Introduction
   2. 7.1. Stated objectives of the health system

      Updated: 17 July 2025

   3. 7.2. Financial protection and equity in financing

      Updated: 17 July 2025

   4. 7.3. User experience and equity of access to health care

      Updated: 15 January 2026

   5. 7.4. Health outcomes, health service outcomes and quality of care

      Updated: 19 February 2020

   6. 7.5. Health system efficiency
   7. 7.6. Transparency and accountability

      Updated: 03 May 2015

8. 8. Conclusions
   1. 8.0. Introduction