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Health Systems and Policy Monitor (HSPM)

An innovative platform that provides a detailed description of health systems and provides up-to-date information on reforms and changes that are particularly policy relevant. In parallel, the Health Reform Tracker (see the Tracker tab) provides an overview of health reforms in over 30 countries across the WHO European Region and North America. For detailed information on country policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic during 2020-2021, see our separate COVID-19 Health Systems Response Monitor (HSRM).

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Estonia

Health Systems in Transition (HiT) profile

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  1. Country Overview

  2. Health Systems in Transition (HiT) profile

    1. 1. Introduction

      Updated: 19 June 2019
      1. 1.0. Introduction
      2. 1.1. Geography and sociodemography
      3. 1.2. Economic context
      4. 1.3. Political context

        Updated: 19 June 2019
      5. 1.4. Health status
    2. 2. Organization and governance

      Updated: 15 February 2022
      1. 2.0. Introduction
      2. 2.1. Overview of the health system
      3. 2.2. Historical background
      4. 2.3. Organization

        Updated: 29 July 2019
      5. 2.4. Decentralization and centralization
      6. 2.5. Planning

        Updated: 15 February 2022
      7. 2.6. Intersectorality
      8. 2.7. Health information management

        Updated: 04 November 2020
      9. 2.8. Regulation

        Updated: 01 July 2021
      10. 2.9. Patient empowerment

        Updated: 01 October 2019
    3. 3. Financing

      Updated: 03 January 2023
      1. 3.0. Introduction
      2. 3.1. Health expenditure

        Updated: 03 January 2023
      3. 3.2. Sources of revenue and financial flows
      4. 3.3. Overview of the statutory financing system

        Updated: 15 November 2018
      5. 3.4. Out of pocket payments

        Updated: 30 January 2022
      6. 3.5. Voluntary health insurance
      7. 3.6. Other financing

        Updated: 23 January 2019
      8. 3.7. Payment mechanisms

        Updated: 30 January 2022
    4. 4. Physical and human resources

      Updated: 03 July 2020
      1. 4.0. Introduction
      2. 4.1. Physical resources

        Updated: 26 June 2019
      3. 4.2. Human resources

        Updated: 03 July 2020
    5. 5. Provision of services

      Updated: 03 January 2023
      1. 5.0. Introduction
      2. 5.1. Public health

        Updated: 03 September 2021
      3. 5.2. Patient pathways

        Updated: 15 December 2021
      4. 5.3. Primary / ambulatory care

        Updated: 29 April 2021
      5. 5.4. Specialized ambulatory care / inpatient care

        Updated: 19 March 2021
      6. 5.5. Emergency care

        Updated: 03 June 2019
      7. 5.6. Pharmaceutical care

        Updated: 21 October 2020
      8. 5.7. Rehabilitation / intermediate care
      9. 5.8. Long term care

        Updated: 16 August 2021
      10. 5.9. Services for informal carers
      11. 5.10. Palliative care

        Updated: 15 January 2020
      12. 5.11. Mental health care

        Updated: 03 January 2023
      13. 5.12. Dental care

        Updated: 29 April 2021
      14. 5.13. Complementary and alternative medicine
      15. 5.14. Health services for specific populations

        Updated: 23 January 2019
    6. 6. Principal health reforms

      Updated: 07 January 2023
      1. 6.0. Introduction
      2. 6.1. Analysis of recent reforms
      3. 6.2. Future developments

        Updated: 07 January 2023
    7. 7. Assessment of the health system

      Updated: 21 November 2022
      1. 7.0. Introduction
      2. 7.1. Stated objectives of the health system
      3. 7.2. Financial protection and equity in financing
      4. 7.3. User experience and equity of access to health care
      5. 7.4. Health outcomes, health service outcomes and quality of care
      6. 7.5. Health system efficiency
      7. 7.6. Transparency and accountability

        Updated: 21 November 2022
    8. 8. Conclusions
      1. 8.0. Introduction

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